coreutils: Symbolic Modes

 
 27.2 Symbolic Modes
 ===================
 
 “Symbolic modes” represent changes to files’ mode bits as operations on
 single-character symbols.  They allow you to modify either all or
 selected parts of files’ mode bits, optionally based on their previous
 values, and perhaps on the current ‘umask’ as well (⇒Umask and
 Protection).
 
    The format of symbolic modes is:
 
      [ugoa...][-+=]PERMS...[,...]
 
 where PERMS is either zero or more letters from the set ‘rwxXst’, or a
 single letter from the set ‘ugo’.
 
    The following sections describe the operators and other details of
 symbolic modes.
 

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